Selective Abortions in Punjab
During our field research in a village in Jalundhar, Punjab, Lisa and I had the opportunity to engage with local teachers in various schools. Their vibrant personalities and candid discussions offered valuable insights into the social challenges prevalent in their community.
Among the many issues they shared, one particularly pressing topic was foeticide, or selective abortion based on the sex of the fetus. The teachers pointed out that foeticide is not limited to economically disadvantaged or lower-caste families; instead, it reflects a broader societal problem with deep-rooted cultural implications. The alarming gender ratio of boys to girls observed in states like Haryana, Punjab, and Gujarat raises important questions about societal values and norms surrounding gender. Both affluent and poorer families were described as participating in selective abortions, suggesting that this issue transcends socioeconomic boundaries. This phenomenon indicates a pervasive societal preference for male children, which can have long-term demographic and economic implications. The teachers indicated that "poor families would starve themselves to save up money to buy an abortion under the table." This practice not only jeopardizes the health and well-being of women but also raises ethical concerns regarding access to safe medical services. The sacrifices made by these families to fund such procedures point to a desperate need for education and resources, particularly in rural areas. This situation underscores the urgent need for comprehensive social services and educational programs aimed at changing perceptions and attitudes toward gender.
A recent article I encountered in the Christian Science Monitor highlighted the astounding rate of selective abortion in India. Findings published in the British medical journal, The Lancet, estimated over 500,000 selective abortions annually, provide further evidence of the scale and urgency of this issue. 
Cultural perceptions often view a girl child as a 'liability' rather than an 'asset.' In many Indian cultural groups, marrying off a daughter typically comes with the expectation of providing a dowry, while sons are considered instrumental in preserving family lineage and enhancing wealth. Despite the introduction of strict laws banning selective abortions in 1994, the prevalence of such practices has unfortunately risen, often through illicit means. Although there have been governmental efforts to crack down on these practices, a multifaceted approach is needed.
In addition to enforcing legal consequences for perpetrators, the government must develop social programs and incentives that support families with daughters. The challenge is deeply rooted and requires a comprehensive strategy focused on reforming societal values. Along with punishing perpetrators, the government needs to provide more social programs and incentives to families bearing daughters. It is too deep of a problem to simply punish. Such initiatives could pave the way toward fostering a more equitable perspective on the value of all children, regardless of gender.
